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日常累积:leadership_in_projects [2022/08/30 18:40] lichao [Situational leadership model] |
日常累积:leadership_in_projects [2023/09/28 15:42] (当前版本) lichao [领导行为] |
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| - | ====== Leadership | + | ====== Leadership |
| + | ===== Core dimensions of leadership ===== | ||
| - | ===== core dimensions of leadership ===== | + | Leadership-map |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==== Leadership-map | + | |
| {{: | {{: | ||
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| * Leading others | * Leading others | ||
| - | ===== Leadership styles | + | ===== 行为向导理论(1948-1967) |
| - | Matching your leadership style to the situation: | + | 这理论将领导当作一项活动来研究。 |
| - | * Determine the priority tasks-> diagnose how ready the followers are to do the tasks -> decide on a matching leadership style. | + | 研究者对数百种领导 行为进行了统计和分析(研究主要来自美国俄亥俄州大学)。 最后他们把这数百种领导力模型划分为两大行为模型: |
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| + | * 体贴是一种以身作则的领导方式, | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | - 领袖和蔼可亲、平易近人。 | ||
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| + | * 架构建设是另外一种领导模式, | ||
| + | - 领袖把任务分配给员工。 | ||
| + | - 领袖要求员工遵守公司规章制度。 | ||
| + | - 领袖让员工明白自己的要求。 | ||
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| + | {{: | ||
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| + | ===== 领导风格和处境理论(1967-1980) ====== | ||
| + | |||
| + | 这个新时代的领导力模型告诉我们: | ||
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| + | 这一类理论关注的核心问题实际上是领导风格的问题。相关的观点如下: | ||
| + | |||
| + | * 理想的领导风格是: | ||
| + | * 领导风格与领袖的个性有关, | ||
| + | * 领导风格不仅和情境有关, | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==== 领导行为 ==== | ||
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| + | |||
| + | {{: | ||
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| + | {{: | ||
| + | |||
| + | === 任务导向行为 === | ||
| + | |||
| + | 领袖在角色定义中的参与度(高速员工应该何时、何地、如何做事,如果有多个员工,则需要安排分工),包括: | ||
| + | |||
| + | * 设定目标 | ||
| + | * 组织人员 | ||
| + | * 指定时间表 | ||
| + | * 指明方向 | ||
| + | * 控制质量、进度 | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | === 关系导向行为 === | ||
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| + | 领袖与员工的互动成都,包括双向(或多向)沟通、聆听、支持行为和社会/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | * 提供支持 | ||
| + | * 沟通 | ||
| + | * 促进互动 | ||
| + | * 主动聆听 | ||
| + | * 提供反馈 | ||
| + | |||
| + | === 决策风格 === | ||
| + | - 领袖决策 | ||
| + | - 领袖决策,当中与员工进行对话或说明 | ||
| + | - 领袖和员工一起做决定,或是员工在领袖的鼓励下做决定 | ||
| + | - 员工自行决定 | ||
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| + | |||
| + | ==== 员工准备度 ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ^ 高 ^ 中 ^^ 低 ^ | ||
| + | | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 | | ||
| + | | 有能力\\ 意愿\\ 且自信 | ||
| + | | 员工主导 | ||
| + | |||
| + | * 能力: 拥有必备的只是,经验和技能 | ||
| + | * 意愿:拥有必备的自信、委身和动力 | ||
| + | |||
| + | === 高概率配对 === | ||
| + | |||
| + | 当领袖行为符合相对应的员工准备度时, | ||
| + | |||
| + | ^ S1 ^ S2 ^ S3 ^ S4 ^ | ||
| + | | 告知 | ||
| + | | 引导 | ||
| + | | 指示 | ||
| + | | 执行 | ||
| + | | ||
| + | 这类理论的观点是, | ||
| + | |||
| + | 上图中有一些元素我们要特别注意: | ||
| + | 首先是前面谈到过的两种行为: | ||
| + | - 任务导向行为/ | ||
| + | - 关係导向行为/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | 这两种行为的结合可以产生四种领导方式: | ||
| + | |||
| + | 第三个元素是跟随者(员工)的准备度。准备度主要指员工的工作能力和意愿: | ||
| + | - 能力包括: | ||
| + | - 意愿包括: | ||
| + | - 这两者的组合也可以产生不同级别的准备度——对于个体和群体都同样适用。 | ||
| ==== Situational leadership model ==== | ==== Situational leadership model ==== | ||
| - | | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | | ||
| - | | 告知 | 推销 | 参与 | 授权 | | ||
| - | | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 | | ||
| - | | 高能力, | 高能力, | 低能力, | 低能力, | | ||
| - | | 高意愿, | 低意愿 | 高意愿, | 低意愿 | | ||
| - | | 并自信 | 或不安 | 或自信 | 或不安 | | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Leadership toolkit ===== | ||
| - | GROW: goal reality option way-forward | + | The Situational Leadership Model suggests that there is no “one size fits all” approach to leadership. Depending on the situation, varying levels of “leadership” and “management” are necessary. |
| - | {{: | + | Matching your leadership style to the situation: |
| - | + | | |
| - | Motivation: 3-component model (3C) | + | - Diagnose the Readiness Level of the Followers |
| + | - Decide the Matching Leadership Style | ||
| - | {{: | + | === The Four Types of Situational Leadership === |
| - | + | ||
| - | + | {{: | |
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| - | | + | |
| + | * As a situational leader, you provide a R1 person with high directive behaviour and low supportive behaviour, i.e. you provide specific direction about goals, you show and tell a person what, when, where, and how to do something, and then you closely monitor the person’s performance in order to provide frequent feedback on results. If there are decisions, you take them. | ||
| + | * Leadership Style 2: Coaching for the Disillusioned Learner | ||
| + | * As a situational leader, you provide a R2 person with high directive behaviour and high supportive behaviour, i.e. you continue to direct goal or task accomplishment but you also explain why, you solicit suggestions, | ||
| + | * Leadership Style 3: Supporting for the Capable but Cautious Contributor | ||
| + | * As a situational leader, you provide a R3 person with low directive behaviour and high supportive behaviour, i.e. you facilitate, listen, encourage, and support. You make decisions together. You support the person’s efforts, listen to the suggestions, | ||
| + | * Leadership Style 4: Delegating for the Self-Reliant Achiever | ||
| + | * As a situational leader, you provide a R4 person with low directive behaviour and low supportive behaviour, i.e. R4 makes most decisions about what, how, and when. You value the person’s contributions and support his/her growth. | ||
| - | + | ===== Expectation management ===== | |
| - | | ||
| - | + | GROW: goal reality option way-forward | |
| - | + | {{: | |
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| + | ===== Motivation ===== | ||
| - | | + | |
| + | Motivation: 3-component model (3C) | ||
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| + | {{: | ||
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