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目录
TDP1_COM_Reading_Fundamentals & Techniques
Communication Models
Human Communication – 5 Axioms
- The impossibility of not communicating
- The content and relationship aspects of communication
- The punctuation of a series of events (cause or effect)
- Digital and analog communication
- Symmetric and complementary interactions: Similarity and disparity
Iceberg Model
Communication: Fundamentals
Individual island
Each person experiences the world and people in his environment subjectively – on the basis of his individual life experiences and personal circumstances. Everyone lives on their own island.
What a “sender” is expressing in writing, language, gestures and facial expression may be completely clear to him. But the “receiver” always hears, reads or sees this information on the basis of his own personal experience of life and communication. He can only understand the message through the filter of his own “internal map”. The meaning that he gives to the sender’s words and gestures may match what the latter wanted to express – but it may also differ considerably.
The cascade of possible misunderstandings and problems
thought/intended is not said/written
said/written is not heard/read
heard/read is not understood
understood is not agreed with
agreed with is not implemented
Communicating in a cooperation-based way
- The participants accept one another in their respective roles and treat each other with fairness and appreciation.
- Differences in hierarchy are not blurred or concealed in this process: the manager remains the manager, the employee remains the employee.
- Communication between equals (as human beings of equal value and on the same level, despite hierarchical differences).
- Participants continue to respect each other even in the event of conflict.

