TDP1_COM_Reading_Fundamentals & Techniques

1. The impossibility of not communicating
2. The content and relationship aspects of communication
3. The punctuation of a series of events (cause or effect)
4. Digital and analog communication
5. Symmetric and complementary interactions: Similarity and disparity

Each person experiences the world and people in his environment subjectively – on the basis of his individual life experiences and personal circumstances. Everyone lives on their own island.

What a “sender” is expressing in writing, language, gestures and facial expression may be completely clear to him. But the “receiver” always hears, reads or sees this information on the basis of his own personal experience of life and communication. He can only understand the message through the filter of his own “internal map”. The meaning that he gives to the sender’s words and gestures may match what the latter wanted to express – but it may also differ considerably.

thought/intended is not said/written

said/written is not heard/read

heard/read is not understood

understood is not agreed with

agreed with is not implemented

• The participants accept one another in their respective roles and treat each other with fairness and appreciation.
• Differences in hierarchy are not blurred or concealed in this process: the manager remains the manager, the employee remains the employee.
• Communication between equals (as human beings of equal value and on the same level, despite hierarchical differences).
• Participants continue to respect each other even in the event of conflict.

1. Most day to day work discussions are focused on factual information (blue). While people are exchanging factual information, communication is also happening on three other levels that are critically important for communication to move forward successfully. Often, they are only recognizable indirectly (through non-verbal signals/body language), e.g. intonation, facial expression, gestures or demeanor.
2. The sender always reveals something of himself: Self-revelation (green).
3. At the same time, he expresses the nature of the relationship and what he thinks of his conversational partner: Relationship (yellow).
4. He says or shows more or less clearly what he wants the receiver to do: Appeal (red).

• Comprehensibility
  •  As the sender: express yourself matter-of-factly, precisely and comprehensibly.
  •  As the receiver: listen attentively, understand and summarize the information.
• Openness and personal transparency
  •  As the sender: show who you are as a person – show that you are credible and open.
  •  As the receiver: understand your conversational partner on an emotional level as well.
• Establishing a relationship based on respect
  •  As the sender: be appreciative and constructive when dealing with others – even in the event of conflict.
  •  As the receiver: be aware of how the other person establishes the relationship.
• Focus on goals and solutions
  •  As the sender: put across your targets and (role) expectations clearly and without ambiguity.
  •  As the receiver: ask about targets and (role) expectations and take them on board.

In particular, body language gives information about:

•  Agreement vs. rejection: Do we agree or are we critical? Are we keen or hostile? Are we open or closed? Are we convinced or skeptical?
•  Closeness vs. distance: How close and open are we towards others and how do we face them? Are we interested and would like to come closer to them or are we disinterested and want to build barriers?
•  Above vs. below: Who treats whom from a superior, subordinate or equal position? Are strength, dominance and aggression displayed, or rather peaceableness and adaptability?
•  Underlying feelings: What is our emotional state? Do we feel joy, enthusiasm, anger, tension, calm, etc.?

Dimensions of body language

• Body language presents itself in certain dimensions, as follows:
• Gestures
• Facial expressions
• Posture and body movement
• Tone of voice
• Body language is
•  inherited (genetically determined) and
•  learned (socialization, culture)

Basic principles of active listening

•  Try hard to be outward looking and empathetic, to look at the world through the other person's eyes and to understand him (understand his “island”).
•  Try to follow attentively and to understand both rationally and emotionally.
•  Try to bear with pauses for thought and inability to find a solution - they are desirable and can be very helpful in allowing people to clarify things for themselves.
•  Repeatedly sum up what you have understood in both factual and emotional terms (don’t simply repeat parrot-fashion).
•  The expression of emotional content is only ever hypothetical. Do not insist that this is the way it is!
•  Refrain from using examples/stories from your own experience.
•  Focus on your conversational partner's viewpoint, and refrain from offering your “two cents”.